chemistry : carbon- valency, electronic configuration, bonding

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- carbon - valency and electronic configuration
The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It requires,
4 electrons to achieve the inert gas electronic configuration.
- allotropes in carbon- diamond and graphite(difference in physical and chemical properties)
-bonding in carbon (covalnet bond)
• carbon requires 4 electrons to achieve the inert gas electronic configuration. But carbon cannot
form an ionic bond
• It could gain four electrons forming C4- cation. But it would be difficult for the
nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons.
• It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cations. But it requires a large amount
of energy to remove four electrons.
• Thus, carbon overcomes this problem by sharing of its valence electrons with
other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements.
• The bond formed by mutual sharing of electron pairs between two atoms in a
molecule is known as Covalent Bond
-types of bonds that carbon can form(single , double)
-lewis structures with examples

Extra information

an idea of electronic configuration

Location

Online from Netherlands

About Me

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Education

Masters in Science (Chemistry) with discretion completed in year 2004
Bachelor in Education with distinction completed in year 2006
Bachelor's in Science (Physics, Chemistry, Maths ) with distinction in year 2002

Experience / Qualifications

More than 122 years of teaching experience in Chemistry to senior secondary students (15 to 16).
More than 16 years of teaching experience in Science and mathematics to middle and primary students.

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Teenagers (13-17 years old)

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Beginner

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Skills

Organic chemistry

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Doctor in chemical sciences with extensive professional experience in the life sciences, I help upper secondary, university and higher education students to approach and understand chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry.
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IGCSE Chemistry Content Overview:

1 The particulate nature of matter
2 Experimental techniques
3 Atoms, elements and compounds
4 Stoichiometry
5 Electricity and chemistry
6 Chemical energetics
7 Chemical reactions
8 Acids, bases and salts
9 The Periodic Table
10 Metals
11 Air and water
12 Sulfur
13 Carbonates
14 Organic chemistry

As and A level Chemistry Content overview:

Physical chemistry
1 Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry
2 Atomic structure
3 Chemical bonding
4 States of matter
5 Chemical energetics
6 Electrochemistry
7 Equilibria
8 Reaction kinetics
Inorganic chemistry
9 The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity
10 Group 2
11 Group 17
12 An introduction to the chemistry of transition elements
13 Nitrogen and sulfur
Organic chemistry and analysis
14 An introduction to organic chemistry 15 Hydrocarbons
16 Halogen derivatives
17 Hydroxy compounds
18 Carbonyl compounds
19 Carboxylic acids and derivatives 20 Nitrogen compounds
21 Polymerisation
22 Analytical techniques
23 Organic synthesis

IB Chemistry Content Overview:

Core
1. Stoichiometric relationships
2. Atomic structure
3. Periodicity
4. Chemical bonding and structure
5. Energetics/thermochemistry
6. Chemical kinetics
7. Equilibrium
8. Acids and bases
9. Redox processes
10. Organic chemistry
11. Measurement and data processing

Additional higher level (AHL)
12. Atomic structure
13. The periodic table—the transition metals
14. Chemical bonding and structure
15. Energetics/thermochemistry
16. Chemical kinetics
17. Equilibrium
18. Acids and bases
19. Redox processes
20. Organic chemistry
21. Measurement and analysis

Option
A. Materials
B. Biochemistry
C. Energy
D. Medicinal chemistry

IGCSE Physics Content Overview:

1 General physics
2 Thermal physics
3 Properties of waves, including light and sound
4 Electricity and magnetism
5 Atomic physics

Advanced Organic Chemistry Content Overview:
1. Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds
2. Representative Carbon Compounds: Functional Groups, Infrared Spectroscopy, & Intermolecular Force
3. An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases
4. Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, & An Intro to Synthesis
5. Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules
6. Ionic Reactions - Nucleophilic Substitution & Elimination Reactions: Alkyl Halides
7. Alkenes & Alkynes: Properties & Synthesis, Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
8. Alkenes & Alkynes II: Addition Reaction
9. Spectroscopic Methods of Structure Determination
10. Radical Reactions
11. Alcohols & Ethers
12. Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds, Oxidation-Reduction & Organometallic Compounds
13. Conjugated Unsaturated Systems
14. Aromatic Compounds
15. Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
16. Aldehydes & Ketones I: Nucleophilic Additions to the Carbonyl Group
17. Aldehydes & Ketones II: Enolates & Enols
Aldol & Alkylation Reactions
18. Carboxylic Acids & Their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Substitution at the Acyl Carbon
19. Synthesis & Reactions of a-Dicarbonyl Compounds: More Chemistry of Enolate Ions
20. Amines
21. Phenols & Aryl Halides: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
22. Carbohydrates
23. Lipids
24. Amino Acids & Proteins
25. Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis

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This course is designed for IB Chemistry HL and SL students who aim to achieve strong academic results through structured, exam-focused preparation.

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