French academic support + CEB and CE1D preparation

From 30 € /h

Is your child struggling with French at school? Does she/he have difficulties with grammar, spelling, or reading comprehension? I would be delighted to help. We will work together on her/his lessons, review the theory, and address his/her specific challenges through practice exercises.

Is the CEB or CE1D exam approaching, and you want your child to be as prepared as possible for success? I offer structured and effective support to help her/him prepare for the CEB or CE1D exams in French under optimal conditions. I will provide personalized preparation lessons tailored to your child's needs and level. We can review grammar and spelling together, practice reading comprehension exercises, develop writing skills, and, of course, practice with sample CEB or CE1D questions. I can also help her/him better understand the expectations and instructions, as well as provide guidance on exam methodology. My goal is also to boost her/his confidence, solidify the foundation, and support her/him not only with the theory but also with the personal aspects, allowing her/him to progress.

Lessons will be online, either via Google Meet or Teams. If you wish, we can also create a virtual classroom containing all the completed and upcoming exercises.

Feel free to contact me for more information!

To learn more about me: I'm an experienced teacher. I worked for several years with various non-profit organizations in Brussels (Schola ULB, Youth Club, CIFA, ABEF) with teenagers who were experiencing language difficulties at school. I am still involved in teaching, but I am currently working with private language schools, primarily with adults.

Extra information

You will need a good internet connection and motivation.

Location

Online from Belgium

About Me

Holding a bachelor's degree in literature (English-Spanish) and a master's degree in multilingual communication and international relations, I am currently giving private lessons in French, English and Dutch.
I worked for public institutions (Bruxelles Formation) as a language trainer and in the private sector, for language schools, as a language teacher (MySherpa, BXL Academy, CLL, and BLCC). I also had the opportunity to work for several non-profits organizations (Schola ULB, CIFA, Club de Jeunesse and ABEF) to help students overcome their difficulties in French, English and Dutch.
Teaching and sharing my knowledge quickly became a passion for me! I would be glad to help you or your child!

Education

Master's degree in multilingual communication & international relations at Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Bachelor's degree in literature (English-Spanish) at Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

Experience / Qualifications

Teaching since 2017, details below:
Since September 2020: FLE teacher at Bruxelles Formation, BXL Academy, CLL, and BLCC
From May 2019 to August 2020: English trainer at Bruxelles Formation
From March to May 2019: Spanish teacher in a non-profit organization for senior (FIS)
From 2018-2020: private teacher (MyMethod, MySherpa), and teacher in various non-profit organizations (ABEF, CIFA, Club de Jeunesse, Schola ULB) helping students overcoming their difficulties in French, English and Dutch.

Age

Children (7-12 years old)

Teenagers (13-17 years old)

Student level

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

Duration

60 minutes

The class is taught in

French

English

Portuguese

Spanish

Dutch

Skills

French

School

Grammar

Spelling

Reviews

Availability of a typical week

(GMT -04:00)

New York

Online via webcam

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

00-04

04-08

08-12

12-16

16-20

20-24

FRENCH COURSES - DELF PREPARATION (ONLINE)

30 € /h

Are you preparing for the DELF exam or considering taking it and want to maximize your chances of success? I would be delighted to help you approach the exam with more confidence and less stress.
I offer structured and personalized French lessons to help you succeed in your DELF exam (levels A1 to B2). We will work on listening comprehension (with exam-style exercises), reading comprehension, writing techniques (clear structure, coherence, vocabulary), and we will practice written and spoken expression (fluency, pronunciation, confidence). We will do exercises tailored to your level as well as mock exams to best prepare you!

Whether you need comprehensive preparation or support for a specific part of the exam, I will tailor the lessons to your needs and goals. I will also ensure you understand how the DELF test works, the expectations, and the keys to success.

My lessons are entirely online (Google Meet or Teams). We can use your textbook if you have one. If you're having trouble, don't worry, I'll provide exercises and excerpts from the book. Feel free to contact me to discuss your level and goals!

About me :
I am a full-time language teacher. I have been teaching adults and teenagers since 2015, whether in public institutions, associations or private language schools.

French for Beginners A1–A2 – Grammar, Vocabulary & Conversation – Online

30 € /h

Are you a complete beginner? Do you want to learn French in a clear, structured and supportive way? I'll be pleased to help you learn French from scratch.

Here's what you'll learn:
✔ Essential French grammar (present/past/future tenses, gender, basic sentence structure and all the necessary topics you need to speak with confidence in simple and everyday situations)
✔ Everyday French vocabulary (introductions, travel, food, restaurant, shopping, daily life, etc)
✔ Basic conversation skills from the first lessons
✔ Correct pronunciation from the beginning
✔ How to build simple and correct sentences

Even if you are a beginner, I'll love to make you speak from the beginning (after giving you the keys, of course). Speaking is an essential part to master a language and improve on a daily basis. During our first lesson, we'll speak about your goals and level. That will enable me to created a tailored course for you based on your needs. I always structure my lessons based on real-life situations (introduce yourself, make an appointment, shopping, at the doctor's, etc).

This course is perfect if you:
Are starting French from zero
Want structured A1–A2 French lessons
Need French for travel or relocation (if you are an expat in Belgium or in France, looking to learn or improve your French)
Prefer clear explanations and practical exercises

My teaching method:
Step-by-step progression & practical lessons
Speaking practice in every class
Exercises + corrections
PDF materials included (I always send all the material, book pages and notes at the end of the lesson)

Don't hesitate to reach out if you have any question!

Cécile

4.96

(25)

French teacher for foreigners and native French, graduated with a Master's degree in FLE, 21 years of experience in private schools (Montpellier, Lyon, Minneapolis, Salvador da Bahia, Lisbon, Berlin, Barcelona, Brussels) gives private lessons in: grammar, syntax, vocabulary, oral-written, phonetics, conversation, current affairs, DELF and DALF preparation...etc... I can also provide knowledge of French-speaking literature, theater and other arts. Also speaking English, Spanish and Portuguese, I can better understand the students' difficulties.

My courses are based on listening to the needs of learners, didactic approaches, dynamism and immersion in the French language!
Take the step and learn or improve your French enthusiastically with me!

Fawzi

4.96

(25)

I am a French teacher. I have been teaching French, language, and communication since 2012. I speak Arabic, French, Spanish, a little English, and a little Turkish.
I explain my lessons in French, Arabic, or Spanish, depending on your choice.
During the sessions, I explain the course that suits your needs. There is also the option to create an open discussion so that you can speak fluently over time and avoid grammatical gaps.
And at the end of each session, I give "lessons" with "exercises" to do as homework to continue our support and increase your level.

Bring a notebook for this training (or any suitable means) to take notes and keep them.

Phillip

4.96

(25)

For the past two decades, I've had the privilege of tutoring in both French and English. My students have ranged in age, background, and origin, spanning children, teenagers, adults, professionals, and even seniors aged 85 and above.

You might wonder why I teach both languages. Well, I am bilingual, with American and Swiss/French roots, and I currently reside in Ireland. This unique blend of experiences equips me with a strong and relevant teaching approach. I possess an intimate understanding of both cultures, enabling me to tailor my classes to the specific needs of my students.

My teaching journey began during my time studying social work in French-speaking Switzerland. I started offering private French and English lessons to supplement my income, and I quickly discovered my passion for it. Even after graduating and embarking on a full-time career, I couldn't bear to give up this rewarding activity. I cherished the opportunity to connect with diverse individuals and assist them in achieving their language goals.

In my teaching methodology, interactivity takes center stage. I employ a variety of engaging learning tools, including photos, newspaper articles, music, videos, and more. My approach is highly adaptable, with a focus on addressing each student's unique priorities. Some seek to refine their pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, while others require assistance with presentations or speeches for school or work. Some simply aspire to acquire a new language to enrich their general knowledge. I also specialize in teaching younger children, a testament to my educational background and experience.

What you will gain from my courses extends beyond impeccable pronunciation and enhanced vocabulary and grammar. You'll also acquire a profound understanding of the culture associated with each language. When speaking a language, it's essential to appreciate the lifestyle, traditions, and heritage of the nations where it thrives. French and English are spoken as primary languages in numerous countries worldwide, each with its own unique accent and cultural nuances. The learning process is limitless!

In addition to my language instruction, I'm a genealogist and host spiritual (non-religious) seminars in the beautiful West of Ireland. My passion for vegetarian and vegan cuisine adds a flavorful dimension to my life. Furthermore, I hold a degree in Early Childhood Education and have operated a private "Before & Afterschool" facility along with Summer Camps catering to children aged 4 to 12 for many years.

I am genuinely excited about the prospect of meeting and working with you!

Rémi

4.96

(25)

Aim for success in the International Baccalaureate (IB)! 🎓✨

Native-speaking teacher with over 10 years of experience, I help you master French and achieve your academic goals. 🚀

Why choose me?
✅ All levels: Specific preparation for AB, B NM and NS language.
🗣️ Oral Expertise: Intensive work on comprehension, writing and especially Individual Oral (my specialty: perfect pronunciation to boost your grades!).
🌍 Trilingual Advantage: I speak Spanish and English. I understand your syntax errors and correct them more effectively.
📚 Tailor-made support: Exclusive resources on the 5 official themes (Identities, Experiences, Human Ingenuity, etc.).

Ready to shine at the IB? 🏆
📩 Contact me for more info!

Nesrine

4.96

(25)

The objective is that: the learner masters the English language (🎧listening-comprehension,🎤 conversation, 📚 reading, grammar-pronunciation, writing...). It helps him to have language skills like native speakers. 🥇

At the same time, the learner will be 🚴‍♀️dynamic and well supervised by professional tutors who listen.
The atmosphere is distinguished: 🔥learning, interaction, no routine, no stress.

The learning tools used; videos, audios, texts, articles, images, games, stories...

We are happy to help both adults and pupils/students. If you want to learn the English language (reading, grammar, oral conversation, written production,...) or you have homework to do, or competitions/tests to take, 🏆 contact us :)

Camilo

4.96

(25)

Hi everyone!

My name is Camilo. I offer in-person Spanish lessons in Medellin. I also do online lessons.

Are you learning Spanish from scratch, or do you want to deepen your knowledge? Do you need Spanish for work, study, traveling, communicating in your everyday life...? My lessons are tailored to your needs and interests!

Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or want to book lessons.

I look forward to hearing from you!
Camilo

Nouhaila

4.96

(25)

¡Speak ESPAÑOL with Confidence! — Travel | Business | DELE | Conversation | School 🇪🇸
✨ Do you want to speak Spanish like a local — whether it’s for your next trip, a career opportunity, or simply for fun?

✨ Then let me introduce you to a course designed just for you — dynamic, practical and 100% focused on real-life communication.

👋🏼 My name is Nouhaila, I’m a native Spanish teacher holding 2 masters , certified DELE & SIELE examiner, with a passion for making language learning enjoyable, efficient and personal. I’ve helped dozens of students feel confident in Spanish — now it’s your turn.

💡 My method? A warm and relaxed learning environment where you’ll talk from day one, with content adapted to your pace, your goals and your interests.

🧭 Choose your adventure:
✈️ Spanish for Travel
→ Learn how to survive and thrive in Spanish-speaking countries.
→ Real conversations, not textbook dialogues.
→ Cultural tips & insider expressions included!

💼 Spanish for Business
→ Get the vocabulary you need to succeed in meetings, emails, and presentations.
→ Roleplays, tailored content, and confidence-building activities.
→ Advance your career — in Spanish.

🎓 DELE / SIELE / IB Preparation
→ Train with an official examiner and crush the exam.
→ Focused strategies, mock tests, and honest feedback.
→ Let’s turn stress into success!

💬 Conversation Boost
→ Weekly sessions to unlock your fluency.
→ Talk about what really matters to you — travel, culture, society, debates, etc.
→ Fun corrections, pronunciation tips, and tons of encouragement.

🇬🇧 Extra Bonus 🎁
As soon as you book your first lesson, you’ll get immediate access to a private virtual classroom with all the materials you need:
🌟 interactive resources, grammar & vocabulary tools, cultural content, and extra practice — everything in one place to support your learning journey!

✨ Your Spanish journey starts now — let’s make it count!

🇫🇷 Parlez espagnol avec aisance ! — Voyages | Affaires | Examens | Conversation 🇪🇸
✨ Envie d’apprendre l’espagnol autrement ? Plus vivant, plus authentique, plus utile ?

✨ Bienvenue dans un cours créé pour parler vraiment : pas de blabla académique, ici on apprend à communiquer — dans la vraie vie.

👋🏼 Moi, c’est Nouhaila. Je suis professeure native, examinatrice certifiée DELE & SIELE, passionnée par l’enseignement et les langues. Depuis la Belgique, j’aide des élèves du monde entier à prendre confiance en leur espagnol.

💬 Dans mes cours, vous êtes au centre : on parle dès le début, on rit, on apprend de ses erreurs, on progresse.

🌟 À vous de choisir :
✈️ Espagnol pour Voyager
→ Pour voyager sans stress et avec plaisir.
→ Dialogues pratiques, astuces culturelles et expressions locales.
→ Préparez vos aventures avec les bons mots !

💼 Espagnol Professionnel
→ Du vocabulaire ciblé pour briller au travail.
→ Réunions, négociations, emails : vous serez prêt(e).
→ Un vrai + pour votre CV !

🎓 Préparation DELE / SIELE / IB
→ Entraînement avec une examinatrice officielle.
→ Simulations, feedback personnalisé, méthodologie gagnante.
→ Objectif : réussir sans stress !

💬 Conversation Active
→ Laissez place à l’expression orale spontanée.
→ On parle de tout : culture, société, voyages, actualité...
→ Corrections bienveillantes, prononciation, fluidité.

🇫🇷 Petit bonus 🎁
Dès que vous effectuez votre première réservation, vous aurez accès immédiat à une classe virtuelle privée avec tout ce qu’il vous faut :
🌟 ressources interactives, fiches de grammaire et vocabulaire, contenus culturels, exercices supplémentaires... tout est réuni pour vous accompagner pas à pas !
✨ N’attendez pas de parler parfaitement pour parler — commencez aujourd’hui !

Awni

4.96

(25)

French DELF & TCF Exam Preparation | Get Certified with Confidence

Are you preparing for the DELF or TCF French exam for studies, work, or immigration?
I offer professional, results-focused preparation to help you reach your target score with confidence.

🎯 What you will get:
✔ Preparation for DELF A1–C1 and TCF (all formats)
✔ Full training in the 4 official skills:

Listening

Reading

Writing

Speaking
✔ Mock exams with detailed feedback based on official criteria
✔ Exam strategies, time management & common pitfalls
✔ Vocabulary and grammar targeted to your exam level

👨‍🏫 About me:

Experienced French language instructor

Specialized in DELF & TCF exam preparation

Proven methods adapted to your level and goals

Clear explanations and confidence-building speaking practice

💻 Lesson format:
📍 Online
⏱ Flexible schedule
🌍 International students welcome

📩 Book your first lesson on Apprentus today and take the next step toward French certification!

Mariem

4.96

(25)

Are you looking to learn the language of Molière with a fun, motivating teacher who has a good command of teaching pedagogy...!

- Literacy
- vocabulary
- Grammar
- Conjugation
- Written expression

Do not hesitate to reserve your place as soon as possible.

Natalie

4.96

(25)

Bonjour! ¡Buenos días! Bom dia! Guten tag! Добрий день!👋👋👋
My name is Natalie. I teach Spanish,French,Portuguese, Ukrainian and Russian! 😊😊😊 I have been teaching these languages for 14 years.📗📘📖🗣☺
I have a Master’s degree in Linguistics 🎓,a Master’s degree with honours in Tourism Hotel and Restaurant Business 🎓 and a Master’s degree in International Law🎓 I also earned diplomas 📄📄📄from the Ministry of Education of France : DELF, Spanish diplomas DELE from Cervantes Institute (Madrid), German diploma from Goethe Institute and Japanese – Language Proficiency diploma (Tokyo).🤗🤗🤗
I've worked with football clubs, UEFA Champions League Final⚽ and at other sporting events⛹‍♂🏆.
I teach languages from scratch and to a desirable result.✍✍✍📖🙌😀 I'm very friendly and the atmosphere is always nice during the lesson!😇
I also help students to prepare for KS3, GCSE, IGCSE, IB, DELE, DELF and other exams and my students 👩‍🎓👨‍🎓successfully pass them every year😇
I prepare specific material for each student 🖊📄depending on the knowledge, the goals or their personal interests🙂 and I will take different approaches according to your needs.
I teach: young learners,👩‍💻students, adults👩‍🔬👩‍✈, professional football players🏆⚽, musicians🪗🎸 ballet dancers🩰, doctors,👩‍⚕🧑‍⚕ lawyers and fashion designers 🧵🥻👗from all over the globe🌎. You will benefit from my broad range of experience and I will be with you every step of your learning journey☺.
Online tuition allows my clients to enjoy high quality lessons, learn foreign languages without leaving home and at a comfortable time.🕓🕓🕓👩‍🏫👨‍🏫👩‍💻👨‍💻
Don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. 🙃🙃🙃
Individual and group classes via Zoom/Skype! All materials for lessons are provided+ references from students.
Regards,
Teacher Natalie

Kevin

4.96

(25)

I offer you a new learning experience.

To the uninitiated, a grammar book seems to be written in another language because the meaning of the words is incomprehensible. In a down-to-earth way, I'll translate the grammar into familiar words. With my tailor-made teaching you will accelerate your learning while having a positive mindset.

You can book a complete course with regular sessions or individual lessons to overcome a specific problem, such as pronunciation or a particular point in grammar.

Learning a foreign language is not a linear process that consists of memorising a list of words, and speaking a foreign language is not an oral translation exercise.

There are two types of approaches to acquiring knowledge:

When asked what year follows 1999, you can immediately answer 2000 without having to think for a long time and, above all, without having memorised each number individually, starting with 1, 2, 3 ... You know that numbers are formed according to a certain pattern. With only ten digits, you can form an infinite number of numbers and always know which number comes next.

When it comes to the alphabet, words and sentences, it's more or less the same, but school pedagogy, school textbooks and regular lessons still follow the rote learning approach. In the lessons I propose, you will learn to use patterns because this is more efficient and faster.

Learning is easy, but unlearning bad habits is extremely difficult. This makes it all the more important to learn the right reflexes as early as possible.

My offer is aimed at both teenagers and adults who want to acquire a solid foundation of the Latin language without the time-consuming diversions of absurd school methods.

I offer individual or group lessons for Latin. The methods are based on cognitive science and, in particular, comparative linguistics. My flexible programme can be tailored to your individual needs.

What is particularly important to me:

motivating my students and help them establish a learning rhythm;
encouraging their creativity;
helping them become more familiar with the language;
teaching them the letters and their sounds;
strengthening their memory by training their phonological loop;
teaching sentence building plans instead of memorising sentences;
explaining how language works so that my students can become independent as quickly as possible.

I look forward to meeting you.

Fernanda

4.96

(25)

¡Hola! I am here to help you achieve your language learning goals. I am a native speaker of Spanish with a bachelor's degree in Spanish and a doctorate in Linguistics from the University of Manchester, where I carried out research in Second Language Acquisition. An enthusiastic language learner myself, I enjoy finding new, effective ways to teach and learn languages. With 20 years of experience working with teenagers and adults, I am happy to support you through your journey, no matter if you're a beginner or an experienced learner who needs practice.
I can offer:
- Communication-based grammar lessons, where we focus on a certain grammar structure (e.g. the imperfecto), we learn the usage and then practice with real-world situations
- Targeted conversation practice (structured and semi-structured around a topic)
- Accent reduction, where we learn some phonetics and IPA to improve your pronunciation
- Listening training (work with different Spanish accents or a specific one)
- Exam preparation (DELE or school exams)

Sandra

4.96

(25)

I am a Cambridge-educated social scientist with extensive experience in education and international communication. Trained as a journalist and academic, I have a strong command of the Spanish language and grammar, as well as broad experience adapting to different students, learning styles and educational contexts.

I offer personalised online Spanish lessons for kids and teens, from beginner to more advanced levels. My teaching approach is supportive, flexible and adapted to each student’s age, level and goals.

In my lessons, I use visual resources and engaging activities to help students develop confidence, improve communication and build a solid foundation in Spanish. Lessons can focus on vocabulary, grammar, conversation, reading, listening or school support, depending on each student’s needs.

My aim is always to motivate students and help them progress in a way that feels clear, effective and enjoyable.

Kawita

4.96

(25)

I offer engaging and structured English tutoring for secondary and adult learners, not only focusing on building strong foundation skills, confidence, and exam readiness, but also teaching oral presentations or even basic communication skills.
With extensive experience in teaching English across international curricula, I help students improve reading, writing, speaking, and critical thinking through clear explanation and consistent practice.
Learners can expect personalised support, practical strategies, and a positive learning environment that encourages steady progress.
My aim is to help each student strengthen their English skills and achieve meaningful results in their daily life, academics or just communication.

Jordi

4.96

(25)

Language, Literature and Innovative Teaching in Spanish - Comprehensive Learning for All Levels
I am a native Spanish speaker, with a degree in Hispanic Philology from the University of Barcelona and a master's degree in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE). My solid linguistic and pedagogical background, along with specialized certifications in educational innovation and AI-powered learning, enables me to teach Spanish at all levels with professionalism, passion, and contemporary methodologies.
What you will learn:
My courses are tailored to your needs and level, combining linguistic rigor with engaging communicative approaches informed by cutting-edge pedagogical research:
Fundamentals of language and communication:

Spanish Linguistics, Grammar and Syntax (Spanish Linguistics, Spanish Language and its Variation)
Phonetics and phonology (Fonètica i fonologia de l'Espanyol)
Lexicography and vocabulary development (La Competència Lèxica en l'Aprenentatge)
Discourse analysis and communicative skills (Anàlisi del discurs, Pragmàtica)
Sociolinguistics and linguistic variation (Sociolinguistics of Spanish)

Advanced Linguistic Study:

Historical linguistics (Linguistic Historiography)
Romance linguistics and comparative approaches (Romance Linguistics)
Advanced analysis and argumentation (Spanish Linguistic Analysis Level)

Spanish Literature and Cultural Studies:

Golden Age Literature
Medieval and Contemporary Literature
Literary Analysis and Interpretation
Cervantes and the masterpieces of Spanish literature
Theatre and dramatic literature (specialized study)

Methodology and Pedagogy of Teaching (Master in Foreign Language Education):

Communicative approaches to language teaching
Curriculum design and lesson planning
Grammar and pragmatics for language learning
Age-appropriate instruction for children, teenagers, and adults
Inclusive and differentiated education
Assessment techniques
Educational Innovation Technology:

Language learning with AI (IBM's specialization in generative AI for educators)
Instructional engineering for dynamic and personalized lessons (IBM and Vanderbilt certifications)
Responsible integration of technology in language teaching (University of Pennsylvania certification)
Creating engaging and interactive learning experiences with cutting-edge tools
ChatGPT and generative AI applications for language teaching
Personalized learning paths and adaptive instruction

My teaching approach:
✓ Student-centered: Classes adapted to your style, pace, and learning goals
✓ Communicative: Emphasis on oral expression, listening comprehension, reading and writing in real contexts
✓ Cultural enrichment: Exploration of Hispanic literature, history, and cultures
✓ Rigorous and engaging: A combination of linguistic depth with dynamic and interactive lessons
✓ Innovative: Leveraging educational technology and contemporary pedagogical approaches
✓ Personalized: Whether you need conversational fluency, grammar mastery, literary analysis, or AI-powered learning, I personalize each lesson.
Professional Qualifications and Certifications:
Academic training:

Bachelor's Degree in Hispanic Philology (University of Barcelona)
Master's Degree in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE, UNIR, Barcelona)

Specializations in Educational Innovation:

IBM AI Fundamentals Specialization for Everyone (4 courses)
IBM Specialization in Generative AI for Educators (3 courses)
University of Pennsylvania: AI in Education: Leveraging ChatGPT for Teaching
Vanderbilt University: Specialization in Generative AI and ChatGPT for Elementary and Secondary Educators (3 courses)

Teaching Experience:

More than 60 hours of face-to-face teaching at an academy accredited by Cervantes (World Class Bcn)
Experience in AI-supported language education research
Specialized training in pedagogical innovation and inclusive teaching

Why choose me?:
I don't just teach Spanish; I create meaningful learning experiences that combine in-depth linguistic knowledge, proven pedagogical methods, and innovative educational approaches. My training in both traditional and contemporary teaching methodologies allows me to understand your exact level and guide you toward your goals, whether it's conversational confidence, mastery of literature, or advanced language proficiency.