1. Fundamentals of Networks and Systems Before breaking something, you need to know how it works. In this stage you will learn: The OSI Model: Understanding how data travels from an application to the physical cable. Essential protocols: What TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/S and FTP are and how they work. Command line: Overcoming the fear of the Linux terminal and the Windows CMD. 2. The Security Triad (CIA) This is the industry's "Lord's Prayer." A good course will teach you how to protect these three fronts: Confidentiality: Ensure that only authorized people see the data (Encryption). Integrity: Ensuring that the information is not altered (Hashing). Availability: That the systems are active when needed (Mitigation of DoS attacks). 3. Types of Attacks and Threats This is where the theory gets exciting. You will learn to identify: Social Engineering: How attackers deceive people (Phishing, Vishing). Malware: Differences between viruses, Trojans, ransomware and spyware. Web Vulnerabilities: Basic concepts such as SQL Injection or Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). 4. Defense and Mitigation It's not all about attack; most of the real work is about protecting: Using Firewalls and Antivirus: Basic Configuration. Identity Management: Two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometrics. Basic cryptography: How public and private keys work. SIEM Log event management.