Objectives 1- Verification of Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. 2- Verification Voltage Dividers 3- Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem Kirchhoff’s Current Law At any point (junction) in an electric circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of it. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law In any closed circuit, the summation of voltage sources (EMF) equals the summation of voltage drops Voltage drop is the voltage difference across a resistor’s terminals Common DC Circuit Terms: • Circuit – a circuit is a closed loop conducting path in which an electrical current flows. • Path – a single line of connecting elements or sources. • Node – a node is a junction, connection or terminal within a circuit were two or more circuit elements are connected or joined together giving a connection point between two or more branches. A node is indicated by a dot. • Branch – a branch is a single or group of components such as resistors or a source which are connected between two nodes. • Loop – a loop is a simple closed path in a circuit in which no circuit element or node is encountered more than once. Voltage Dividers • An electronic circuit that accepts a certain voltage input and produces a fraction of that input voltage as the output • The same current I flows through R1 and R2 Thevenin’s Theorem • Thevenin theorem is an analytical method used to change a complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a single resistance in series with a voltage source.