English as a second language (ESL) is a type of language learning that specifically targets individuals who speak a different language as their primary means of communication. The goal of ESL is to help individuals improve their proficiency in English, which may be required for academic, employment, or social purposes. ESL courses and programs are designed to address different aspects of language learning, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. ESL instruction also includes teaching grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and the use of idiomatic expressions, among others. To enhance language learning, ESL materials and activities may integrate cultural elements specific to English-speaking countries. ESL courses may cater to adults, teenagers, or children, and may be offered in different schools, institutions, or online platforms. As a result, ESL has become an important means of facilitating global communication and promoting cross-cultural understanding.