Robotics, Programming and Engineering at all levels

من 247.58 QAR /س

I have deep knowledge of computer science, robotics and electrical/mechanical/automation engineering. I have been awarded the Best Graduate of a European university, have worked as an engineer in Nokia in 5G technology, then at CERN for several years to develop control systems and Mixed Reality human-robot interfaces, and currently at ESA in Mixed Reality astronaut training.

I am always keen to share my knowledge and passion with anyone interested in learning more about this fascinating world of robotics, computerization and automatization.

Having experienced how education and practical skills are important in the career, I would like to offer this class. The subject of the class will be fully customized to the student's interest, level and motivation.

المكان

عبر الانترنت من سويسرا

من أنا؟

I am always keen to share my knowledge and passion with anyone who is interested in getting to know more about this fascinating world of robotics, computerization and automatization.

المستوى التعليمي

PhD in Computer Science and Robotics
Master of Science in Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Engineering in Control Engineering and Robotics, specialization in Automation of Machines, Vehicles and Apparatus

الخبرة / المؤهلات

السن

شباب (13-17 سنة)

الكبار (18-64 سنة)

الكبار (65 سنة فأكثر)

مستوى الطالب

مبتدئ

متوسط

متقدم

المدة

45 دقيقة

60 دقيقة

90 دقيقة

الدرس يدور باللغة

الإنجليزية

البولندية

الفرنسية

مهارات

علم الروبوتات

برمجيات الكمبيوتر

الهندسة التطبيقية

الجاهزية في الأسبوع العادي

(GMT -04:00)

نيويورك

على الانترنت عبر كاميرا ويب

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

00-04

04-08

08-12

12-16

16-20

20-24

Mixed/Augmented/Virtual Reality human-robot interfaces for remote operations in hazardous environments

276.14 QAR /س

I will teach you how to develop a human-robot interface for remote operations in hazardous environments, for example, in the radioactive areas at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

This is an authored course based on my PhD research, you will understand:
-what realities we can have (virtual, augmented, mixed, extended)
-what are the head-mounted devices and what are their advantages
-how to overcome limited bandwidth in a mobile network while operating a robot in the XR interface
-how to remotely control robots and program the communication
-Unity game engine use for the interface development

إقرأ المزيد

Manoj

4.95

(21)

I am a Professional Full Stack Developer with over 15 years of hands-on experience in software engineering, system design, and artificial intelligence.
I’ve worked across frontend, backend, DevOps, and AI, building enterprise-grade systems for real-world applications — from large-scale microservices to cognitive AI platforms.

I’m passionate about teaching the real, modern way of coding — combining deep technical foundations with today’s most advanced technologies: Generative AI, Agentic systems, RAG architectures, cloud automation, and intelligent DevOps.

Whether you are a beginner exploring your first “Hello World,” a professional improving your stack, or a researcher/developer exploring AI systems, I can guide you step-by-step — conceptually, practically, and strategically.

🧩 What You Will Learn
🖥️ Front-End Development

Master how to build responsive, interactive, and high-performance interfaces:

HTML / HTML5 – Structure, semantics, forms, accessibility

CSS / CSS3 / SCSS – Layout, animations, responsive design, Flexbox, Grid

Bootstrap / Tailwind / Material UI – Rapid design frameworks

JavaScript (ES6+) – Functional programming, event loop, closures, async/await

TypeScript – Strong typing, interfaces, decorators, generics

React.js / Next.js – Components, hooks, state management, routing, APIs

Angular (1.x to 17) – Modules, dependency injection, RxJS, advanced architecture

Vue.js (optional) – Reactive programming, lifecycle management

jQuery / AJAX – Legacy support and backend communication

Web Performance – Lighthouse, Core Web Vitals, PWA, caching strategies

⚙️ Back-End & Enterprise Development

Build scalable, secure, and intelligent server-side systems:

C / C++ / Data Structures / Algorithms / OOPS

Java / J2EE / Spring / Spring Boot / Spring Cloud / Hibernate / Struts / Wicket

Microservices Architecture – API gateway, service registry, inter-service communication

Node.js / Express / NestJS – Modern JavaScript/TypeScript backend

REST & SOAP Web Services – API design, security, documentation (Swagger / Postman)

Python (Flask / FastAPI) – REST APIs, ML pipelines, automation

Shell Scripting (Linux/Unix) – Automation, cron jobs, log parsing, DevOps scripting

PHP / Laravel / CodeIgniter – Classic web backend development

Containerization & Orchestration: Docker, Kubernetes, Helm

CI/CD & Cloud: Jenkins, GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps Pipelines

☁️ Cloud & DevOps Mastery

Learn to build, deploy, and scale applications on the cloud:

AWS (EC2, S3, Lambda, DynamoDB, API Gateway, ECS)

Azure (App Services, Functions, CosmosDB, DevOps)

Google Cloud (GCP, Vertex AI, BigQuery, Cloud Run)

Monitoring & Logging: ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), Grafana, Prometheus

Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Terraform, AWS CDK, Azure Bicep

Version Control & Collaboration: Git, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket

CI/CD Pipelines: Build, test, deploy automation, rollback, release management

📱 App Development

Develop mobile and hybrid apps end-to-end:

Android (Java/Kotlin) – UI/UX, activity lifecycle, API integration

Hybrid Frameworks: Ionic, Cordova, React Native

Progressive Web Apps (PWA) – Offline-first, caching, mobile optimization

Firebase Integration: Auth, Firestore, Cloud Messaging

🤖 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Learn how modern AI systems are built and deployed:

AI Fundamentals: Neural networks, supervised/unsupervised learning

Machine Learning with Python: scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch

Natural Language Processing (NLP): Transformers, BERT, GPT

Computer Vision: OpenCV, YOLO, Image Classification

AI APIs & Integrations: Google DialogFlow, Azure Cognitive Services, OpenAI API

🧬 Generative AI, RAG & Agentic Systems

Special focus on real-world AI integration and automation:

Generative AI Models (GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama, Mistral) – Practical implementation

Prompt Engineering – Designing powerful, reusable prompt frameworks

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) – Hybrid search + generation architectures

Agentic AI Systems – Building autonomous multi-agent workflows (e.g., AutoGPT, CrewAI)

Agentic RAG – Contextual memory, chaining, and reasoning systems

LangChain / LlamaIndex – RAG pipelines, document loaders, embeddings, vector DBs

Vector Databases: Pinecone, Chroma, Weaviate, FAISS

Knowledge Graphs & Context Management – Enterprise data linking with RAG

AI App Deployment: FastAPI + Streamlit + LangServe + Docker

Copilot & AI Tools: GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT API, Code Interpreter, Vertex AI Studio

Google AI Developer Kit (ADK) – Edge AI, TensorFlow Lite, Coral, and model serving

Voice AI & Conversational Design: Dialogflow CX, OpenAI Assistants, ElevenLabs

🔬 Data, Testing & Quality

Database Systems: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Oracle, DB2, Redis

Database Design: ERD, normalization, indexing, performance tuning

Testing Tools: JUnit, Mockito, Selenium, Cypress, Postman

TDD / BDD Practices: Unit, integration, and end-to-end testing

Logging & Monitoring: ELK, Splunk, Prometheus

Performance Optimization: Profiling, caching, concurrency

🧩 Operating Systems & Scripting

Windows / Linux / Ubuntu / Unix Administration

File Systems, Permissions, Networking, Process Management

Shell Scripting / Automation / Log Analysis

System Security and SSH Hardening

🧠 Bonus Topics

Mathematics for Programmers – Logic, combinatorics, probability, graph theory

Game Development Basics: Unity, Phaser.js, HTML5 Canvas

AI Ethics, Data Privacy, Responsible AI Design

Automation Projects & Web Crawling / Scraping: BeautifulSoup, Selenium, Puppeteer

No-Code / Low-Code Integrations: Zapier, Make, AI automations

Amin

4.95

(21)

Python is the most in-demand programming language in the world right now — and one of the easiest to learn with the right guidance.
Whether you've never written a line of code or you're a student who needs to pass a programming course, this is a practical, no-fluff introduction that gets you writing real code from session one.
What we can cover depending on your goals:

Python fundamentals: variables, loops, functions, data structures
- Object-oriented programming (OOP)
- Data manipulation with pandas and NumPy
- Introduction to machine learning with scikit-learn
- Database management with SQL
- C and Java upon request
- MATLAB and R available for engineering/science students

Why learn with me?
I'm not a student teaching on the side — I'm a professional engineer who uses Python daily for data analysis, modeling, and automation. I know exactly which concepts matter in the real world and which ones you can skip for now.
Sessions are 100% personalized: I adapt the pace, the examples, and the exercises to your background and your goal — whether that's passing your university exam, building a project, or landing a job.

Abdallah

4.95

(21)

After Completing Our Course:
- High Earning Potential: Skilled programmers are in high demand, commanding competitive salaries across various industries.

- Versatile Career Opportunities: Open doors to careers in software development, data science, web development, game design, and more.

- Cutting-Edge Skills: Stay ahead in the fast-evolving tech landscape by mastering the most popular and widely used programming languages and frameworks.

- Innovation and Creativity: Enhance your ability to create innovative solutions, develop new technologies, and contribute to exciting projects.

- Problem-Solving Abilities: Strengthen your logical thinking and problem-solving skills, essential for tackling complex technical challenges.

- Career Advancement: Stand out in the job market with a robust programming skill set, increasing your chances of career advancement and promotions.

- Lifelong Learning: Cultivate a mindset of continuous improvement and lifelong learning, staying relevant and adaptable in your career.

**Programming and Coding Lessons for All Ages**

Unlock the world of coding with our comprehensive programming and coding lessons designed for both adults and kids. Whether you're a beginner or looking to enhance your skills, our courses cover a wide range of programming languages and technologies to suit your needs.

**Course Offerings:**
- **Python**: Learn the fundamentals of programming with one of the most versatile and popular languages.
- **HTML & CSS**: Build and style your own websites from scratch.
- **JavaScript**: Add interactivity to your web projects and enhance user experience.
- **MySQL**: Master database management and SQL queries.
- **Dart & Flutter**: Create beautiful, natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase.
- **C++**: Dive into the world of object-oriented programming and system-level coding.
- **C#**: Develop robust applications with this powerful language used in a variety of industries.

**Class Formats:**
- **Offline Classes in Egypt**: Join us in person for hands-on learning and direct interaction with our experienced instructors.
- **Online Classes**: Participate from anywhere in the world with our flexible online courses, designed to fit your schedule.

**Who Can Join?**
- **Adults**: Whether you're looking to start a new career, enhance your current skills, or simply explore a new hobby, our classes are perfect for you.
- **Kids**: Our engaging and interactive lessons make learning to code fun and accessible for younger students.

**Why Choose Us?**
- **Experienced Instructors**: Learn from industry professionals with years of teaching and real-world experience.
- **Comprehensive Curriculum**: Our courses are designed to provide a solid foundation and advanced knowledge in various programming languages.
- **Flexible Learning Options**: Choose between offline and online classes to suit your lifestyle and learning preferences.

Join us today and start your journey into the exciting world of programming and coding with the expert instructor Abdallah!

========================================
Comment:
Looking to master programming and become a skilled developer?
In this course, you will learn the basics and tools to manipulate coding and programming languages as well as using them to build machine learning models. We also provide assistance to students specializing in programming and database management using SQL
Under special request, we provide courses on other programming languages.
If you have any further questions, feel free to contact us.

Coding is a powerful general-purpose programming methods. It is used in web development, data science, software prototyping, etc. Fortunately for beginners, Coding has a simple and easy to use syntax. This makes Python a great language for learning programming for beginners.
In this course, you will learn the basics and tools for manipulating python as well as its use to build machine learning models. We also provide assistance to students specializing in python programming and database management using SQL
If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Samaa

4.95

(21)

With over 4 years of experience I teach math curriculums (GCSE, IGCSE, IB CNISE, SAT) to students from earlier stages, elementary to high school. I focus on all mathematical concepts, develop classroom materials, organize activities, assign homework, grade tests, and prepare students for exams. I prepare mathematics curriculum for my students, like college entrance exams.

I demonstrate excellent mathematics skills and analytical thinking alongside solid instruction. I instruct my students throughout the year and create lesson plans, assign homework, and manage online classrooms. I keep in touch with parents to be aware of the progress.
I hold a Master's degree in Engineering with teacher education courses and I've achieved the highest grades in my math courses throughout the years with straight A Grades.

My Responsibilities towards my students
-Create a great environment that is conducive to learning.
-Care for and effectively assist students with special concerns.
-Analyze data to determine student progress and achievement.
-Work with individual and small groups of students to support mathematics instruction.
-Encourage students who need extra help
-Plan and carry out instructions, activities and prepare learning materials.
-Maintain appropriate records and follow required procedures and practices.
-Work with students to develop and monitor academic goals for both short-term and long-term success.

My qualifications
-Master Degree in Engineering
-An experienced teacher for over 4 years
-Experience with calculus, geometry, statistics, and trigonometry.
-Dedication to instruction of critical thinking and problem-solving with confidence in a collaborative environment.
- Leadership skills and a positive attitude when assisting with decision making.
-Demonstrated professionalism and dedication to continuous improvement.
-Time management skills.

Salah

4.95

(21)

Master Python with Personalized Courses

Discover the art of programming with Python courses tailor-made to meet your specific needs. Whether you are a beginner, intermediate or professional, my lessons are suitable for all levels.

Why Choose My Courses?

Personalized Teaching Approach: Each course is tailored to your skill level and individual goals.

Practical Experience: Learn by doing with real-world projects that build your understanding and skills.

Ongoing Support: Get unlimited email support for any questions you have between sessions.

As a Python expert, I have a passion for teaching and sharing my knowledge. My goal is to guide you effectively in your learning journey.

Book Your First Lesson:

Start your journey to Python mastery now by booking your first lesson. Whether you aspire to enter the development field or hone your existing skills, these courses are designed for you.

Ayoub

4.95

(21)

This preparation session is dedicated to students aiming for preparatory classes for scientific Grandes Ecoles (CPGE), with a particular focus on the subjects of Physics and Engineering Sciences. The goal is to strengthen the foundations and deepen the knowledge to succeed.

1. Mechanics:
Kinematics: Study of rectilinear and circular movements, position vectors, speed and acceleration.
Dynamics: Newton's laws, work and energy, kinetic energy theorem.

2. Electromagnetism / Electrokinetics:
Electrostatics: Electric charges and fields, electric potential, capacitance.
Magnetostatics: Magnetic fields, Lorentz forces, electromagnetic induction.
Alternating Currents: RLC circuits, resonance, impedance.

3. Thermodynamics:
Principles of thermodynamics: Internal energy, heat, work, first and second principles.
Ideal and real gases: Equations of state, thermodynamic transformations.

4. Industrial sciences:
Automatic Linear, Kinematic, Static.

For more information and to register for the preparation session, please contact me.

Good preparation and success in your studies!

.

Amal

4.95

(21)

Python is a simple, powerful, and versatile programming language, ideal for beginners looking to learn or change careers in computer science. This course will help you understand the basics of programming (variables, loops, conditions, functions) through practical, hands-on exercises.
You'll learn how to create your first scripts, manipulate data, and automate simple tasks. All in an accessible, interactive, and practical setting.

This course is aimed at anyone who is a beginner, curious about digital technology, or who wishes to develop skills useful in many professional sectors.

Meriem

4.95

(21)

Python is today one of the most widely used programming languages in the world, both in Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Web Development and for task automation.
In this course, I will guide you step by step according to your level:

Beginner: basics of the language (variables, loops, conditions, functions).

Intermediate: data manipulation (Pandas, NumPy), file management, object-oriented programming.

Advanced: practical projects (data analysis, machine learning, automation, API, web scraping).

My goal is to make learning clear, practical, and motivating. You'll not only learn how to code in Python, but also how to structure your projects and apply your knowledge to real-life scenarios.

Yomna

4.95

(21)

This course is designed for students who are curious about how aircraft and spacecraft work, or who are planning to study Aerospace / Aviation Engineering and want a strong, clear introduction before university.

The lessons break down complex engineering concepts into simple, intuitive ideas, with real-world examples from aviation and space — no prior engineering background required.

Who This Course Is For
-High school students interested in aviation or space
-First-year engineering students feeling overwhelmed
-Students considering Aerospace or Aviation Engineering
-Curious learners who love planes, rockets, and technology

Ali

4.95

(21)

Physics and materials science can be challenging without the right explanations. I offer structured, clear, and personalized tutoring to help students truly understand concepts rather than memorize formulas.

I hold a PhD in Materials Science & Nanotechnology and have several years of experience teaching and mentoring university students in physics, materials science, and semiconductor-related topics.

My classes are adapted to the student’s level and goals, whether you are:
- Preparing for university exams
- Studying engineering or physics
- Struggling with core concepts and problem-solving
- Looking to deepen your understanding for research or advanced studies

Topics can include (but are not limited to):
- General Physics (mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics)
- Solid-State Physics & Semiconductor Physics
- Materials Science fundamentals
- Nanotechnology & MEMS basics
- Exam preparation and problem-solving strategies

I focus on clear explanations, step-by-step problem solving, and building confidence. Lessons are interactive and always tailored to your needs.

Farouk

4.95

(21)

These courses are part of a structured and progressive training in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with JavaScript, designed for beginner or intermediate developers who want to understand in depth how the language works, write clearer, more maintainable code and prepare themselves calmly for modern frameworks like React ⚛️.

Object-Oriented Programming is often perceived as complex or abstract.

My goal is simple: to make it logical, concrete, and immediately applicable.

🎯 Training Objectives

Upon completion of this training, you will be able to:

Understanding what Object-Oriented Programming really is (and when to use it)
Create and manipulate objects in JavaScript in a clean and efficient way
Use ES6 classes, constructors, and methods with confidence
Mastering this, the prototype, and the instantiation logic
Apply encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism without confusion
Avoiding common mistakes made by OOP beginners
Structure your JavaScript code like a professional developer

📖 Training Plan – Object-Oriented Programming in JavaScript
1. Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming 🧠
Understanding the concept, objectives and benefits of OOP.
2. Procedural Programming vs. OOP
Why unstructured code quickly becomes unmanageable.
3. Objects in JavaScript
Properties, methods and representation of the real world.
4. The keyword this
Understanding the execution context (often poorly understood).
5. Limitations of simple objects
Why duplicating code is a bad idea.
6. Constructive functions
Create multiple objects from the same model.
7. The keyword new
What it's actually doing under the hood.
8. The prototype
Sharing methods and memory optimization.
9. ES6 Classes
Modern syntax and best practices.
10. The builder
Proper initialization of objects.
11. Data Encapsulation
Protect the internal state of objects.
12. Inheritance between classes
Reusing code intelligently.
13. The keyword super
Communication between parent and child in the classroom.
14. Polymorphism
The same behavior, several forms.
15. Composition vs. Inheritance
Choosing the right architecture.
16. Best practices in OOP
Write readable, scalable, and maintainable code.
17. Common mistakes made by beginners
Pitfalls to absolutely avoid.
18. Guided practical exercise
Creation of a concrete class (product, user, etc.).
19. Assessment Quiz (Multiple Choice Questions)
To validate the actual understanding of the concepts.

🛠️ Teaching method: Understand before writing

This training program is based on a progressive and pragmatic approach:
Clear and illustrated explanations
Concrete examples from real projects
Simple but effective exercises
Constant questioning to avoid rote learning
Adaptation to the learner's level and pace
Here, we don't "recite OOP" — we understand it.

🚀 Learner's result

At the end of the training, you will not only know how to write a JavaScript class.
You will know:

1- Why does it exist?
2- When to use it
3- and when not to use it

You will leave with:
a solid understanding of OOP
a cleaner and more professional code
an ideal foundation for learning React, Node.js or any other modern framework

Serine

4.95

(21)

Currently a first-year undergraduate student in Mathematics, I offer tutoring for middle and high school students.

Having already given private lessons, I know how to adapt to each student's difficulties to help them progress in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. My unique strength lies in my proficiency in programming (Python, C, SQL) and office software (Excel, PowerPoint), which allows me to assist students with their computer science or technology projects.

I can give lessons in French, English or Arabic, depending on your needs.

Ismail

4.95

(21)

Python is today one of the most in-demand programming languages in the world, used in software development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and automation.

This course is designed to guide you step by step, whether you're a beginner or looking to deepen your skills. My approach is practical and project-oriented: you'll learn by coding.

In the program :
• Python basics (variables, conditions, loops)
• Functions and modular programming
• Lists, tuples, dictionaries
• Object-oriented programming
• File manipulation
• Introduction to NumPy and Pandas (data analysis)
• Concrete mini-projects adapted to your level

This course is aimed at students, engineers, professionals or anyone wishing to develop solid skills in Python programming.

The sessions are personalized according to your objectives: academic success, exam preparation, university projects or professional development.

Mohamed

4.95

(21)

تُعتبر مهارات استخدام برامج مايكروسوفت أوفيس أساسية لكل طالب و عامل - نجد شريحة هامة من الناس لم تتعلم بالشكل الصحيح كيفية استخدامات هذه الأدوات بكفاءة.
هذه الدورة التدريبية برامج Word و Excel و PowerPoint تمكن المتلقي من تحصيل ما يحتاجه للوصول للاحتراف و الهدف المنشود، بدءًا من تنسيق المستندات الأساسي وحتى وظائف Excel المتقدمة.
إكسل (الأكثر شيوعاً):

الصيغ والدوال (VLOOKUP، INDEX/MATCH، IF، SUMIFS، والمزيد)
الجداول المحورية وتحليل البيانات
الرسوم البيانية ولوحات المعلومات الاحترافية
وحدات الماكرو و VBA - القضاء على المهام المتكررة

برنامج وورد: تنسيق المستندات الاحترافي، والأنماط، والجداول، ودمج المراسلات
باوربوينت: تصميم وهيكل عرض تقديمي نظيف واحترافي
في هذه الدورة العملية - نعمل مباشرةً على ملفاتك ومهامك الواقعية، وليس على تمارين عامة. ستكون تطبيقية أكتر من نظرية 80 و 20 في المئة.
مثالي للطلاب والباحثين عن عمل والمهنيين الإداريين وأي شخص يرغب في التوقف عن إضاعة الوقت في العمل اليدوي.

Dr.

4.95

(21)

About the Lessons

My tutoring supports students across all academic levels, including:

School Level

• GCSE subjects support
• exam preparation
• coursework guidance
• study techniques

Undergraduate Level

• essay structure and argumentation
• coursework development
• research methods
• presentation preparation

Postgraduate & PhD

• thesis structure
• research strategy
• academic writing improvement
• paper preparation

Academic Writing Support

Many students specifically come to me for help with:

essay writing
coursework planning
dissertation structure
thesis writing
academic proofreading
clarity and argument improvement

The goal is always to help you improve your own work and develop strong academic skills.

My Teaching Method

Every student receives a personalised academic support plan.

Step 1 — Diagnostic Session

We identify:

• your current level
• your academic goals
• the main difficulties you are facing

Step 2 — Personal Study Plan

Together we create a plan that may include:

• subject understanding
• academic writing improvement
• exam preparation strategies
• research and reading techniques

Step 3 — Guided Practice

Sessions include:

• problem-solving exercises
• writing structure development
• coursework and essay guidance
• feedback and improvement

Step 4 — Independent Confidence

The goal is that you will learn:

• how to organise complex ideas
• how to write clearly and persuasively
• how to manage academic workloads effectively

Who I Work With

I typically support:

• GCSE students preparing for exams
• A-level students needing academic structure
• undergraduate students with coursework
• MSc and PhD students writing theses
• international students developing academic writing skills

Subjects I Teach

Main subjects:

Academic Tutoring
Coursework Support

Associated subjects:

• GCSE Subjects (general academic support)
• Essay Writing
• Coursework Guidance
• Dissertation Support
• Thesis Writing
• Academic Proofreading
• Research Methods
• Critical Thinking
• Study Skills
• Academic Presentation Skills
• University Preparation
• PhD Mentoring

What You Can Expect

After working together, students usually gain:

clearer academic writing
stronger argument structure
improved coursework and essays
better exam preparation methods
greater academic confidence